Can States sanction other States through ICAO?

Article 88 of the Convention provides (in the framework of dedicated dispute settlement between Member States) that States participating in an ICAO Assembly may suspend the voting power in the Assembly and Council of any Member State found in default of its responsibilities.

Under certain specified circumstances concerning airlines, also within the dispute settlement mechanism, “Each contracting State undertakes not to allow the operation of an airline of a contracting State through the airspace above its territory if the Council has decided that the airline concerned is not conforming to a final decision rendered in accordance with the previous Article” (Article 87).