About ICAO
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Strategic goals
- Every Flight is Safe and Secure
- Aviation is Environmentally Sustainable
- • CORSIA
- • State Action Plans for Aviation CO2 Reduction
- • Finvest Hub
- Aviation Delivers Seamless, Accessible, and Reliable Mobility for All
- No Country Left Behind
- • Capacity Development and Implementation Support
- The International Civil Aviation Convention and Other Treaties, Laws and Regulations Address All Challenges
- The Economic Development of Air Transport Assures the Delivery of Economic Prosperity and Societal Well-Being for All
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- Safety Audit Results - Interactive
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- Air Navigation Reports
- ICAO Partnership Programme
- ICAO API Data Service
- ICAO Data+
- ICAO iSTARS
- Air Transport Monthly Monitor
- Compendium: Competition Policies/Practices
- Economic Analyses and Forecasting
- Databases and Studies
- Environment Reports
- Environment Publications
- ICAO TRIP Strategy Compendium
- Unmanned Aviation
- ICAO GIS Aviation Data
Strategic Goals
- Every Flight is Safe and Secure
- Aviation is Environmentally Sustainable
- • CORSIA
- • State Action Plans for Aviation CO2 Reduction
- • Finvest Hub
- Aviation Delivers Seamless, Accessible, and Reliable Mobility for All
- No Country Left Behind
- • Capacity Development and Implementation Support
- The International Civil Aviation Convention and Other Treaties, Laws and Regulations Address All Challenges
- The Economic Development of Air Transport Assures the Delivery of Economic Prosperity and Societal Well-Being for All
Resources
- ICAO E-Library
- Publications
- Annual Reports of the Council
- Safety Audit Results - Interactive
- Aviation Benefits Report
- Economic Facts and Figures
- Global Aviation Safety Plan
- Safety Reports
- Global Air Navigation Plan
- Air Navigation Reports
- ICAO Partnership Programme
- ICAO API Data Service
- ICAO Data+
- ICAO iSTARS
- Air Transport Monthly Monitor
- Compendium: Competition Policies/Practices
- Economic Analyses and Forecasting
- Databases and Studies
- Environment Reports
- Environment Publications
- ICAO TRIP Strategy Compendium
- Unmanned Aviation
- ICAO GIS Aviation Data
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CORSIA Knowledge Hub – Frequently Asked Questions
CORSIA Framework for LCA and Sustainability +
What are CORSIA Eligible Fuels? +
CORSIA Eligible Fuels are sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) and lower carbon aviation fuels (LCAF) that meet the standards and methodologies defined under CORSIA. These fuels must satisfy specific sustainability criteria and be produced via technically approved pathways.
What is CORSIA Sustainability Certification Scheme (SCS) evaluation? +
The CORSIA SCS evaluation covers the processes and information related to the evaluation of Sustainability Certification Schemes, which perform the certification of economic operators under CORSIA. Certified schemes provide assurance that SAF production meets CORSIA sustainability requirements.
What SAF feedstocks are recognised under CORSIA? +
ICAO maintains information on all SAF feedstocks currently recognised under CORSIA, including the process to request consideration of a new feedstock. Recognised feedstocks span agricultural residues, municipal solid waste, forestry residues, dedicated energy crops, and more.
How does CORSIA handle Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)? +
CORSIA uses specific LCA methodologies to measure the greenhouse gas emissions associated with SAF production. This includes core LCA methods as well as Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) aspects, ensuring a comprehensive view of emissions across the full fuel lifecycle.
What are the CORSIA sustainability criteria? +
CORSIA sustainability criteria set the requirements that SAF must meet to qualify as CORSIA Eligible Fuels. These criteria address greenhouse gas life cycle emissions, land use, water, and other environmental and social factors.
Where can I find training on SAF sustainability and reporting under CORSIA? +
The ACT-SAF Series #2 provides detailed training on sustainability certification and fuels reporting under CORSIA, covering what operators need to know to comply with CORSIA fuel-reporting obligations.
What training is available on ICAO's LCA methodologies and tools? +
The ACT-SAF Series #10 provides in-depth training on the ICAO methodologies and tools for life cycle assessment, helping practitioners understand how to apply CORSIA LCA frameworks correctly.
What are the new CORSIA default LCA values approved in 2025? +
The ACT-SAF Series #20 describes the new CORSIA default LCA values approved in 2025, providing updated emissions intensity values for SAF pathways that operators and producers can use in CORSIA reporting.
What are the CORSIA sourcing requirements for electricity and waste gases? +
The ACT-SAF Series #22 details the CORSIA standards applicable to the sourcing of electricity and waste gases used in SAF production, ensuring these inputs meet the scheme's sustainability requirements.
Policy Frameworks +
What is the ICAO Global Framework for SAF, LCAF and other aviation clean energies? +
This is ICAO's overarching policy framework designed to facilitate the global scale-up in the development, production, and deployment of SAF, LCAF, and other aviation cleaner energies. It provides coordinated guidance for States and industry.
What does ICAO Assembly Resolution A42-21 say about cleaner energies? +
Resolution A42-21 on climate change includes various provisions associated with cleaner energies, setting out the policy direction for ICAO member states on aviation decarbonisation including SAF and LCAF deployment.
What policy measures can States use to support SAF development and deployment? +
ICAO has published dedicated guidance summarising potential policy measures to facilitate SAF deployment, covering instruments such as mandates, incentives, public procurement, and international cooperation frameworks.
What are the ICAO SAF rules of thumb? +
The ICAO SAF rules of thumb provide order-of-magnitude estimations related to SAF costs, investment needs, and production potential. These are practical reference figures to inform policymakers and project developers during early-stage analysis.
What practical examples of SAF policy exist from States? +
The ACT-SAF Series covers real-world SAF policy experiences from multiple States:
- Series #4 – Practical experiences from Brazil, EU, France, Japan, Singapore, UAE, and the United States.
- Series #11 – Step-by-step SAF policy making examples from Brazil, the United States, and the EU.
- Series #17 – Sweden's experience transforming SAF development from vision to reality.
- Series #12 – Inclusion of SAF elements in ICAO State Action Plans (Singapore, Zimbabwe, Côte d'Ivoire).
Where can I find techno-economic assessment models for SAF projects? +
The ACT-SAF Series #13 describes the ACT-SAF business implementation studies and techno-economic assessment (TEA) models available to support SAF project feasibility analysis.
Technical Standards and Certification +
How is SAF technically certified for use in aviation? +
SAF must meet specifications for aviation turbine fuels and go through a formal approval process for new production pathways. The ACT-SAF Series #3 covers these specifications and the certification process in detail.
What are the main SAF conversion processes? +
The ACT-SAF Series #5 provides training on the main conversion processes used to produce SAF, including Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA), Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ), and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
What progress has been made on 100% SAF testing? +
The ACT-SAF Series #14 provides an update on 100% SAF testing and recent achievements, with contributions from Rolls-Royce and Virgin Atlantic on their work advancing drop-in and neat SAF use.
Can existing fossil fuel refineries be used to produce SAF? +
Yes. The ACT-SAF Series #15 explains how coprocessing and refinery revamping can allow existing fossil refineries to produce SAF, offering a lower capital-cost pathway to scaling SAF production.
What is the role of SAF clearing houses? +
SAF clearing houses play an important role in facilitating SAF testing and certification, and in bringing SAF to market. The ACT-SAF Series #18 explains how they support SAF development and deployment.
Financing SAF Projects +
What is the ICAO Finvest Hub? +
Finvest Hub is an ICAO initiative designed to enable, facilitate, and connect SAF projects with investment and financing opportunities. It provides project screening, technical assistance, and matchmaking with financiers.
How can aviation renewable energy projects be financed to reduce CO₂ emissions? +
ICAO has published dedicated guidance on financing aviation emission reductions, covering how to finance renewable energy projects to reduce CO₂ emissions from international aviation activities.
How do I build a bankable SAF project? +
The ACT-SAF Series #19 covers the technical, financial, and regulatory complexities involved in developing bankable SAF projects, helping developers understand what financiers look for and how to prepare.
State and Regional Studies +
Where can I find ACT-SAF feasibility and business implementation studies? +