Return to the ICAO GFAAF Homepage
In order to be used in commercial flights, a sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has to comply with ASTM D4054. As of October 2021, 9 conversion processes have been approved for SAF production.
In order to be eligible for use within the ICAO Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), SAF must also meet a set of sustainability criteria. More information on CORSIA eligible fuels is available on the dedicated CORSIA Eligible Fuels webpage.
ASTM reference
| Conversion process
| Abbreviation
| Possible Feedstocks
| Blending ratio by volume
| Commercialization proposals / Projects
|
ASTM D7566 Annex 1
| Fischer-Tropsch hydroprocessed synthesized paraffinic kerosene
| FT | Coal, natural gas, biomass
| 50% | Fulcrum Bioenergy, Red Rock Biofuels, SG Preston, Kaidi, Sasol, Shell, Syntroleum
|
ASTM D7566 Annex 2
| Synthesized paraffinic kerosene from hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids | HEFA
| Bio-oils, animal fat, recycled oils | 50%
| World Energy, Honeywell UOP, Neste Oil, Dynamic Fuels, EERC |
ASTM D7566 Annex 3
| Synthesized iso-paraffins from hydroprocessed fermented sugars
| SIP | Biomass used for sugar production | 10% | Amyris, Total |
ASTM D7566 Annex 4
| Synthesized kerosene with aromatics derived by alkylation of light aromatics from non-petroleum sources
| FT-SKA | Coal, natural gas, biomass
| 50%
| Sasol |
ASTM D7566 Annex 5
| Alcohol to jet synthetic paraffinic kerosene
| ATJ-SPK | Biomass from ethanol or isobutanol production | 50% | Gevo, Cobalt, Honeywell UOP, Lanzatech, Swedish Biofuels, Byogy |
ASTM D7566 Annex 6
| Catalytic hydrothermolysis jet fuel
| CHJ
| Triglycerides such as soybean oil, jatropha oil, camelina oil, carinata oil, and tung oil
| 50%
| Applied Research Associates (ARA)
|
ASTM D7566 Annex 7
| Synthesized paraffinic kerosene from hydrocarbon-hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids
| HC-HEFA-SPK | Algae
| 10%
| IHI Corporation
|
ASTM D1655 Annex A1
| FOG Co-processing
|
| Fats, oils, and greases (FOG) from petroleum refining
| 5% | |
ASTM D1655
Annex A1
| FT Co-processing
| | Fischer-Tropsch (FT) biocrude as an allowable feedstock for petroleum co-processing
| 5%
| Fulcrum
|
