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In order to be used in commercial flights, a sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has to comply with ASTM D4054. As of June 2020, 8 conversion processes have been approved for SAF production:
ASTM reference
| Conversion process
| Abbreviation
| Possible Feedstocks
| Blending ratio by volume
| Commercialization proposals / Projects
|
ASTM D7566 Annex 1
| Fischer-Tropsch hydroprocessed synthesized paraffinic kerosene
| FT | Coal, natural gas, biomass
| 50% | Fulcrum Bioenergy, Red Rock Biofuels, SG Preston, Kaidi, Sasol, Shell, Syntroleum
|
ASTM D7566 Annex 2
| Synthesized paraffinic kerosene from hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids | HEFA
| Bio-oils, animal fat, recycled oils | 50%
| World Energy, Honeywell UOP, Neste Oil, Dynamic Fuels, EERC |
ASTM D7566 Annex 3
| Synthesized iso-paraffins from hydroprocessed fermented sugars
| SIP | Biomass used for sugar production | 10% | Amyris, Total |
ASTM D7566 Annex 4
| Synthesized kerosene with aromatics derived by alkylation of light aromatics from non-petroleum sources
| FT-SKA | Coal, natural gas, biomass
| 50%
| Sasol |
ASTM D7566 Annex 5
| Alcohol to jet synthetic paraffinic kerosene
| ATJ-SPK | Biomass from ethanol or isobutanol production | 50% | Gevo, Cobalt, Honeywell UOP, Lanzatech, Swedish Biofuels, Byogy |
ASTM D7566 Annex 6
| Catalytic hydrothermolysis jet fuel
| CHJ
| Triglycerides such as soybean oil, jatropha oil, camelina oil, carinata oil, and tung oil
| 50%
| Applied Research Associates (ARA)
|
ASTM D7566 Annex 7
| Synthesized paraffinic kerosene from hydrocarbon-hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids
| HC-HEFA-SPK | Algae
| 10%
| IHI Corporation
|
ASTM D1655
| Co-processing
| | Fats, oils, and greases (FOG) from petroleum refining
| 5%
|
|
In order to be eligible for use within the ICAO Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), SAF must also meet a set of sustainability criteria. More information on CORSIA eligible fuels is available on the dedicated CORSIA Eligible Fuels webpage.
